Biogeography: Major Terrestrial Biomes; Theory of Island Biogeography; Biogeographical Zones of India
Major Terrestrial Biomes Tropical Rainforest Tropical rainforests occur near the equator, characterized by exceptionally high rainfall (over 2,000 mm/year), stable warm temperatures, and immense species diversity. Canopy stratification supports myriad plants, insects, birds, and mammals. Example: The Amazon Rainforest hosts over 40,000 plant species and 2,500 fish species. Desert Deserts receive less than 250 mm of rain annually and exhibit extreme temperature fluctuations between day and night. Vegetation is sparse and water–conserving (e.g., succulents). Example: The Sahara Desert’s dark green patches around oases support date palms and migratory birds. Temperate Grassland Characterized by warm summers, cold winters, and moderate rainfall (500–900 mm/year), these biomes support deep-rooted grasses and seasonal wildflowers. Large grazing mammals and ground-burrowing rodents dominate. Example: The North American prairies sustain bison herds and prairie dogs. Taiga (Boreal Forest)...
